The Khulafā’/Islāmic-Rulers of This-Period had Several-Things in common: a. They were all Companions of Muhammad (May Allah be pleased with them). b. They were all Members of Qabīlah-Quraysh/the Quraysh-Tribe amongst the Arabs. c. They were all related directly to Muhammad either via Common/Tribal-Ancestry, Familial-Relation, Marriage, etc. Author’s Note: All of what is mentioned in this … Continue reading Some Brief Islamic-History (Biographies of the Rightly-Guided Khulafa’)